Chinesename	广东省
Pinyin	Guǎngdōng Shěng
Englishname	Guangdong Province
Name	Guangdong
Localtranscription1	Cantonese Jyutping: Gwong2 Dung1 Saang2
Abbreviation
Abbrevpinyin	Yuè, Jyutping: Jyut6
Isoabbrev	44
Map	China Guangdong.svg
Originofname	广 guǎng - "Wide" 东 dōng- "East"Lit. "The Eastern Expanse"
Administrationtype	Province
Capital	Guangzhou
Largestcity	Guangzhou
Secretary	Wang Yang
Governor	Huang Huahua
Area km2	177900
Arearank	15th
Latitude	20° 13' to 25° 31' N
Longitude	109° 40' to 117° 20' E
Popyear	2010
Pop	104,303,132
Poprank	1st
Popdensity km2	536
Popdensityrank	7th
Gdpyear	2010
Gdp	4.55 trillionUS$ 689.02 billion
Gdprank	1st
Gdppercapita	40,748US$ 5,965
Gdppercapitarank	7th
Hdiyear	2008
Hdi	0.844
Hdirank	4th
Hdicat	high
Nationalities	Han - 99%Zhuang - 0.7%Yao - 0.2%
Dialects	CantoneseHakkaTeochewLeizhouPutonghua
Prefectures	21
Counties	121
Townships	1642
Website	http://www.gd.gov.cn (Simplified Chinese characters) }}

Guangdong ( ) is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province. It surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are amongst the most populous and important cities in China.

Since 1989 Guangdong has topped the total GDP rankings among all provincial-level divisions, with Jiangsu and Shandong second and third in rank. According to provincial annual preliminary statistics, Guangdong's GDP in 2009 reached CNY3,908,159 million, or US$572,121 million, making its economy roughly the same size as that of Turkey or Indonesia. Guangdong has the third highest GDP per capita among all provinces of mainland China, after Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The province contributes approximately 12% of China's national economic output, and is home to the production facilities and offices of a wide-ranging set of multinational and Chinese corporations. Guangdong also hosts the largest Import and Export Fair in China called the Canton Fair in Guangdong's capital city Guangzhou.

Name

"Guang" itself means "expanse" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. "Guangdong" and neighbouring Guangxi literally mean "expanse east" and "expanse west". Together, Guangdong and Guangxi are called the "Dual-Guangs" (兩廣 liăng guăng). During the Song dynasty, the two Guangs were formally separated as Guangnan Dong lu (廣南東路) and Guangnan Xi lu (廣南西路), which became abbreviated as Guangdong lu (廣東路) and Guangxi lu (廣西路). The modern abbreviation 粤/粵 (Yue) is a shortened form of Baiyue (百越), a collective name for various peoples that lived in southern China in ancient times.

Prior to the introduction of Hanyu Pinyin, the province was known as Kwangtung Province. One should note that Canton, though etymologically derived from a Portuguese transliteration of "Guangdong", refers ''only'' to the provincial capital instead of the whole province, as documented by authoritative English dictionaries. The local people of the city of Guangzhou (Canton) and their language are still commonly referred to as Cantonese in English. Because of the prestige of Canton and its accent, Cantonese ''sensu lato'' can also be used for the phylogenetically related residents and Chinese dialects outside the provincial capital.

History

Guangdong was far away from the centre of ancient Chinese civilization in the north China plain. It was populated by peoples collectively known as the Baiyue, who may have been Kradai and related to the Zhuang people in modern Guangxi.

Chinese administration in the region began with the Qin Dynasty. After establishing the first unified Chinese empire, the Qin expanded southwards and set up Nanhai Commandery at Panyu, near what is now part of Guangzhou. It used to be independent as Nanyue between the fall of Qin and the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. The Han Dynasty administered Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam as Jiaozhi Province. Under the Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms period, Guangdong was made its own province, the Guang Province, in 226.

As time passed, the demographics of what is now Guangdong slowly shifted to (Han) Chinese-dominance, especially during several periods of massive migration from the north during periods of political turmoil and/or nomadic incursions from the fall of the Han Dynasty onwards. For example, internal strife in northern China following the rebellion of An Lushan resulted in a 75% increase in the population of Guangzhou prefecture between 740s-750s and 800s-810s. As more migrants arrived, the local population was gradually assimilated to Han Chinese culture, or displaced.

Together with Guangxi, Guangdong was made part of Lingnan Circuit (political division Circuit), or Mountain-South Circuit, in 627 during the Tang Dynasty. The Guangdong part of Lingnan Circuit was renamed Guangnan East Circuit ''guǎng'' nán ''dōng'' lù in 971 during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). "Guangnan East" is the source of "Guangdong".

As Mongols from the north engaged in their conquest of China in the 13th century, the Southern Song Dynasty retreated southwards, eventually ending up in today's Guangdong. The Battle of Yamen 1279 in Guangdong marked the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (960-1279).

During the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, large part of current Guangdong belongs to Jiangxi Province. Its present name, "Guangdong Province" was given in early Ming Dynasty.

Since the 16th century, Guangdong has had extensive trade links with the rest of the world. European merchants coming northwards via the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea, particularly the Portuguese and British, traded extensively through Guangzhou. Macau, on the southern coast of Guangdong, was the first European settlement in 1557.

In the 19th century, the opium traded through Guangzhou triggered the First Opium War, opening an era of foreign incursion and intervention in China. In addition to Macau, which was then a Portuguese colony, Hong Kong was ceded to the British, and Kwang-Chou-Wan to the French.

Guangdong was also the major port of exit for labourers to Southeast Asia and the West in the 19th century, i.e. United States and Canada. As a result, many overseas Chinese communities have their origins in Guangdong. The Cantonese language therefore has proportionately more speakers among overseas Chinese people than mainland Chinese. In the US, there is a large number of Chinese who are descendants of immigrants from the Guangdong region of Taishan (Toisan in Cantonese), who speak a distinctive dialect related to Cantonese called Taishanese (or Toishanese).

During the 1850s, the Taiping Rebellion, whose leader Hong Xiuquan was born in Guangdong and received a pamphlet from a Protestant Christian missionary in Guangdong, became a widespread civil war in southern China. Because of direct contact with the West, Guangdong was the center of anti-Manchu and anti-imperialist activity. The generally acknowledged founder of modern China, Sun Yat-sen, was also from Guangdong.

During the early 1920s of the Republic of China, Guangdong was the staging area for Kuomintang (KMT) to prepare for the Northern Expedition, an effort to bring the various warlords of China back under the central government. Whampoa Military Academy was built near Guangzhou to train military commanders.

In recent years, the province has seen extremely rapid economic growth, aided in part by its close trading links with Hong Kong, which borders it. It is now the province with the highest gross domestic product in China.

In 1952, a small section of Guangdong's coastline was given to Guangxi, giving it access to the sea. This was reversed in 1955, and then restored in 1965. Hainan Island was originally part of Guangdong but it was separated as its own province in 1988.

Geography

Guangdong faces the South China Sea to the south and has a total of 4,300 km of coastline. Leizhou Peninsula is on the southwestern end of the province. There are a few inactive volcanoes on Leizhou Peninsula. The Pearl River Delta is the convergent point of three upstream rivers: the East River, North River, and West River. The river delta is filled with hundreds of small islands. The province is geographically separated from the north by a few mountain ranges collectively called the Southern Mountain Range (南岭). The highest peak in the province is Shikengkong 1,902 meters above sea level.

Guangdong borders Fujian province to the northeast, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces to the north, Guangxi autonomous region to the west, and Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions to the south. Hainan province is offshore across from the Leizhou Peninsula. Certain of the Pratas Islands which have traditionally been regarded as part of Guangdong Province are administered by the Government of the Republic of China on Taiwan.

Cities around the Pearl River Delta include Dongguan, Foshan, Guangzhou, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, Shunde, Taishan, Zhongshan and Zhuhai. Other cities in the province include Chaozhou, Chenghai, Kaiping, Nanhai, Shantou, Shaoguan, Xinhui, Zhanjiang, Zhaoqing, Yangjiang and Yunfu.

Guangdong has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen ''Cfa'' inland, ''Cwa'' along the coast), though nearing a tropical climate in the far south. Winters are short, mild, and relatively dry, while summers are long, hot, and very wet. Average daily highs in Guangzhou in January and July are and respectively, although the humidity makes it feel much hotter in summer. Frost is rare on the coast but may happen a few days each winter well inland.

Economy

This is a trend of official estimates of the gross domestic product of the Province of Guangdong with figures in millions of Chinese Yuan:

Year	Gross domestic product
1980	24,521
1985	55,305
1990	140,184
1995	538,132
2000	966,223
2008	3,570,000
2009	3,908,159
2010	4,596,300

After the communist takeover and until the start of the Deng Xiaoping reforms in 1978, Guangdong was an economic backwater, although a large underground, service-based economy has always existed. Economic development policies encouraged industrial development in the interior provinces which were weakly joined to Guangdong via transportation links. The government policy of economic autarchy made Guangdong's access to the ocean irrelevant.

Deng Xiaoping's open door policy radically changed the economy of the province as it was able to take advantage of its access to the ocean, proximity to Hong Kong, and historical links to overseas Chinese. In addition, until the 1990s when the Chinese taxation system was reformed, the province benefited from the relatively low rate of taxation placed on it by the central government due to its post-Liberation status of being economically backward.

Guangdong's economic boom shows the size of China's manufacturing industry. Guangdong's economic boom began with the early 1990s and has since spread to neighboring provinces, and also pulled their populations inward. The economy is based on manufacturing and export.

The province is now one of the richest in the nation, with the most billionaires in mainland China, , the highest GDP among all the provinces, although wage growth has only recently begun to rise due to a large influx of migrant workers from neighboring provinces. In 2010, Guangdong's aggregate nominal GDP reached 4.596 trillion RMB (US$689.2 billion) with a per capita GDP of 47,689 RMB.

In 2009, Guangdong's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 201 billion yuan, 1.93 trillion yuan, and 1.78 trillion yuan respectively. Its per capita GDP reached 40,748 yuan (about US$5,965). Guangdong contributes approximately 12% of the total national economic output. Now, it has three of the six Special Economic Zones: Shenzhen, Shantou and Zhuhai. The affluence of Guangdong, however, remains very much concentrated near the Pearl River Delta.

In 2008 its foreign trade also grew 7.8% from the previous year and is also by far the largest of all of China. By numbers, Guangdong's foreign trade accounts for more than a quarter of China's US$2.56 trillion foreign trade or roughly US$683 billion.

Economic and Technological Development Zones

Foshan National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone

Guangzhou Development District

Guangzhou Export Processing Zone

Guangzhou Free Trade Zone

Guangzhou Nansha Economic and Technical Development Zone

Guangzhou Nanhu Lake Tourist Holiday Resort (Chinese Version)

Guangzhou New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone

Huizhou Dayawan Economic and Technological Development Zone

Huizhou Export Processing Zone

Huizhou Zhongkai Hi-Tech Development Zone

Shantou Free Trade Zone

Shatoujiao Free Trade Zone

Shenzhen Export Processing Zone

Shenzhen Futian Free Trade Zone

Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park

Yantian Port Free Trade Zone

Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese Version)

Zhuhai National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone

Zhuhai Free Trade Zone

Zhongshan Torch High-tech Industrial Development Zone

Demographics

Guangdong officially became the most populous province in January 2005. Official statistics had traditionally placed Guangdong as the 4th most populous province of China with about 80 million people (also, Sichuan, traditionally the most populous province, was divided into Sichuan and Chongqing in 1997) but recently released information suggests that there are an additional 30 million migrants who reside in Guangdong for at least six months every year, making it the most populous province with a population of more than 110 million. The massive influx of migrants from other provinces, dubbed the "floating population", is due to Guangdong's booming economy and high demand for labor.

Guangdong is also the ancestral home of large numbers of overseas Chinese. Most of the railroad laborers in Canada, Western United States and Panama in the 19th century came from Guangdong. Many people from the region also travelled to the US / California during the gold rush of 1849, and also to Australia during its gold rush a decade or so later. Emigration in recent years has slowed with economic prosperity, but this province is still a major source of immigrants to North America and elsewhere in the world.

The majority of the province's population is Han Chinese. Within the Han Chinese, the largest subgroup in Guangdong are the Cantonese people. Two other major groups are the Teochew people in Chaoshan and the Hakka people in Huizhou, Meizhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan and Zhanjiang. There is a small Yao population in the north. Other smaller minority groups include She, Miao, Li, and Zhuang.

Guangdong has a highly unbalanced gender ratio that is among the highest of all provinces in China. According to a 2009 study published in the British Medical Journal, in the 1-4 age group, there are over 130 boys for every 100 girls.

Politics

Guangdong is governed by a dual-party system like the rest of China. The premier is in charge of provincial affairs; however, the Party Secretary keeps things in check.

Relations with Hong Kong and Macau

Hong Kong and Macau, while historically parts of Guangdong before becoming colonies of the United Kingdom and Portugal respectively, are special administrative regions (SARs). Furthermore, the Basic Laws of both SARs explicitly forbid provincial governments from intervening in local politics. As a result, many issues with Hong Kong and Macao, such as border policy and water rights, have been settled by negotiations between the SARs' governments and the Guangdong provincial government.

Media

Guangdong and the greater Guangzhou area is served by several Radio Guangdong stations and Guangdong TV. There is an English programme produced by Radio Guangdong which broadcasts information about this region to the entire world through the WRN Broadcast.

Culture

The central region, which is also the political and economic center, is populated predominantly by Cantonese speakers, though the influx in the last three decades of millions of Putonghua-speaking immigrants has diminished Cantonese linguistic dominance somewhat. This region is associated with Cantonese cuisine (simplified Chinese: 粤菜; traditional Chinese: 粵菜). Cantonese opera (simplified Chinese: 粤剧; traditional Chinese: 粵劇) is a form of Chinese opera popular in Cantonese speaking areas. Related Yue dialects are spoken in most of the western half of the province.

The area comprising the cities of Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang in coastal east Guangdong, known as Chaoshan, forms its own cultural sphere. The Teochew people here, alongside with Hailufeng people in Shanwei, speak Teochew (simplified Chinese: 潮语, traditional Chinese: 潮語), which is a Min dialect closely related to Min-nan and their cuisine is Teochew cuisine (simplified Chinese: 潮州菜; traditional Chinese: 潮州菜). Teochew opera (simplified Chinese: 潮剧, traditional Chinese: 潮劇) is also very famous with a unique form.

The Hakka people live in large areas of Guangdong, including Huizhou, Meizhou, Shenzhen, Heyuan, Shaoguan and other areas. Much of the Eastern part of Guangdong is populated by the Hakka people except for the Chaozhou and Hailufeng area. Hakka culture include Hakka cuisine (客家菜), Han opera (simplified Chinese: 汉剧; traditional Chinese: 漢劇), Hakka ''Hanyue'' and ''sixian'' (traditional instrumental music) and Hakka folk songs (客家山歌).

Zhanjiang area in southern Guangdong is populated by Hai'nan dialect (or Leizhou dialect as referred locally) speakers, Cantonese and Hakka are also spoken there.

''Putonghua'' (Mandarin Chinese) is the language used in education and government and in areas where there are migrants from other provinces, above all in Shenzhen. Cantonese maintains a strong position in common usage and media, even in eastern areas of the province where the local dialects are non-Yue ones.

Education

Colleges and universities

National

Jinan University (Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Shenzhen)

Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, Zhuhai)

Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (廣東外語外貿大學)（since 1965）(Guangzhou)

Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine

South China Agricultural University (華南農業大學) (founded 1909) (Guangzhou)

South China University of Technology (Guangzhou)

Provincial

Dongguan Institute of Technology

Dongguan University of Technology (Dongguan)

Foshan University (Guangzhou, Foshan)

Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (廣州美術學院)

Guangdong Ocean University (廣東海洋大學)

Guangdong University of Business Studies (廣東商學院)

Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology (廣東省科技干部學院)

Guangzhou Medical College (廣州醫學院)

Guangzhou Normal University

Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (廣東藥學院)

Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University (廣東技術師范學院)

Guangzhou Sports University (廣州體育學院)

Guangdong University of Technology (廣東工業大學)

Guangzhou University (廣州大學)

Hanshan Teachers College

Huizhou University

Guangdong Education and Research Network

Guangzhou Education College

Guangdong Institute of Education

Guangdong Medical College

Guangdong Petrochemical Academy

Guangdong Radio & TV. University

Panyu Polytechnic

Shaoguan University

Shenzhen Party School

Shantou University (Shantou)

Shenzhen University (Shenzhen)

Shenzhen Polytechnic

Shunde University (Shunde)

South China Normal University (華南師范大學)

Southern Medical University

Xijiang University

Xinghai Conservatory of Music (星海音樂學院)

Zhanjiang Normal University

Zhaoqing University (肇慶大學)

Zhongkai Agrotechnical College (仲愷農業技術學院) (founded 1927)

Wuyi University (五邑大學)

Sports

List of current professional sports clubs based in Guangdong: {|class="wikitable sortable" width=70% |- !Sport !League !Tier !Club !City !Stadium |- |Football |Chinese Super League |align=center|1st |Shenzhen Ruby |Shenzhen |Shenzhen Stadium |- |Football |China League One |align=center|2nd |Guangzhou FC |Guangzhou |Yuexiushan Stadium |- |Football |China League One |align=center|2nd |Guangdong Sunray Cave |Guangzhou |Provincial Stadium |- |Football |China Women's Super League |align=center|1st |Guangdong Highsun |Foshan |Century Lotus Stadium |- |Futsal |China Futsal League |align=center|1st |Guangzhou Sports Act |Guangzhou |Sports Univ Stadium |- |Basketball |Chinese Basketball Association |align=center|1st |Guangdong Winnerway |Dongguan |Dongguan Stadium |- |Basketball |Chinese Basketball Association |align=center|1st |Dongguan New Century |Dongguan |Dalang Stadium |- |Basketball |National Basketball League |align=center|1st |Guangzhou Free Man |Guangzhou |Mega Center Stadium |- |Basketball |National Basketball League |align=center|1st |Guangzhou Huangpu |Guangzhou |Huangpu Stadium |- |Basketball |National Basketball League |align=center|1st |Guangdong Changan |Dongguan |Dongguan Stadium |- |Basketball |Women's Basketball Association |align=center|1st |Guangdong Asia Aluminum |Zhaoqing |Zhaoqing Stadium |- |Volleyball |Men's Volleyball League Div A |align=center|1st |Guangdong Jianlong |Taishan |Taishan Stadium |- |Volleyball |Women's Volleyball League Div A |align=center|1st |Guangdong Evergrande |Guangzhou |Evergrande Stadium |- |Volleyball |Women's Volleyball League Div B |align=center|2nd |Guangdong Jianlong |Taishan |Taishan Stadium |- |Baseball |China Baseball League |align=center|1st |Guangdong Leopards |Guangzhou |Huangcun Stadium |}

Tourism

Notable attractions include Danxia Mountain, Yuexiu Hill in Guangzhou, Star Lake and the Seven Star Crags, Dinghu Mountain, and the Zhongshan Sun Wen Memorial Park for Sun Yat-sen in Zhongshan.

Administrative divisions

! Map	! #	! Name	! Hanzi	! Hanyu Pinyin	! Administrative Seat
Colspan=5 align=center
9	Guangzhou	廣州市	Guǎngzhōu Shì	Yuexiu District
21	Shenzhen	深圳市	Shēnzhèn Shì	Futian District
1		清遠市	Qīngyuǎn Shì	Qingcheng District
2	Shaoguan	韶關市	Sháoguān Shì	Zhenjiang District
3	Heyuan	河源市	Héyuán Shì	Yuancheng District
4	Meizhou	梅州市	Méizhōu Shì	Meijiang District
5	Chaozhou	潮州市	Cháozhōu Shì	Fengxi District
6	Zhaoqing	肇慶市	Zhàoqìng Shì	Duanzhou District
7	Yunfu	雲浮市	Yúnfú Shì	Yuncheng District
8	Foshan	佛山市	Fóshān Shì	Chancheng District
10	Dongguan	東莞市	Dōngguǎn Shì	Dongguan
11	Huizhou	惠州市	Hùizhōu Shì	Huicheng District
12	Shanwei	汕尾市	Shànwěi Shì
13	Jieyang	揭陽市	Jiēyáng Shì	Rongcheng District
14	Shantou	汕頭市	Shàntóu Shì	Jinping District
15	Zhanjiang	湛江市	Zhànjiāng Shì	Chikan District
16	Maoming	茂名市	Màomíng Shì	Maonan District
17	Yangjiang	陽江市	Yángjiāng Shì	Jiangcheng District
18	Jiangmen	江門市	Jiāngmén Shì	Pengjiang District
19	Zhongshan	中山市	Zhōngshān Shì	Zhongshan
20	Zhuhai	珠海市	Zhūhǎi Shì

The above division govern, in total, 49 districts, 30 county-level cities, 42 counties, and three autonomous counties. For county-level divisions, see the list of administrative divisions of Guangdong.

See also

Governors of Guangdong

GD Greenway

Christianity in Guangdong

References

;''Economic data''

Economic profile for Guangdong at HKTDC

External links

Guangdong provincial government official website

Guangdong Statistical Yearbook

Category:Provinces of the People's Republic of China Category:Pearl River Delta Category:Gulf of Tonkin

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Margaret Jenkins is a postmodern choreographer based in San Francisco, California. She was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1980 and in 2003, San Francisco mayor, Willie Brown, declared April 24 to be Margaret Jenkins Day.

Biography

Jenkins began her early training in dance in her hometown of San Francisco with Judy and Lenore Job, Welland Lathrop, and Gloria Unti. She continued her dance studies at the Juilliard School and the University of California at Los Angeles. During the 1960s she danced with Viola Farber, Judy Dunn, James Cunningham, Gus Solomons, and Twyla Tharp. Additionally, she taught at the studio of Merce Cunningham for twelve years and restaged his works throughout the United States and Europe

In 1970, Jenkins returned to San Francisco, where she taught dance and choreographed. She founded the Margaret Jenkins Dance Company in 1973. The company is based in San Francisco and tours both nationally and internationally. Several of Jenkins' company members have gone on to form their own dance companies. These include Elizabeth Streb, Joe Goode, and Kathleen Hermesdorf Additionally, Jenkins opened one of the first spaces in the city to combine creative research, choreography, and performance in the same building. Currently, the Margaret Jenkins Dance Company is housed in the newly established Margaret Jenkins Dance Lab, located in the South of Market Street district of San Francisco. In 2004, Jenkins and her company established the Choreographers in Mentorship Exchange (CHIME) with support from the James Irving Foundation. This program develops connections and long-term relationships between emerging and established choreographers. Choreographers who participate in CHIME are provided with time in the studio and artist fees.

Choreography

During her career, Jenkins has made over seventy-five pieces and is considered a "West Coast modern dance innovator" In creating her work, she is interested in collaborating with artists from different fields. She has worked with the poet Michael Palmer, and the visual designer Alexander Nichols. She has also collaborated with musicians, including the Kronos Quartet and the Paul Dresher Ensemble. While in New York, she was influenced by many of the experimental artists of the 1960s. These included dancers and choreographers Merce Cunningham, Trisha Brown, David Gordon, Yvonne Rainer, and Steve Paxton. She was also inspired by musicians John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Earle Brown. She admired the work of visual artists Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, and Andy Warhol . Her work has been well-received by critics. The New York Times considers Jenkins’ work to be hauntingly beautiful and compelling dance…astonishing. Additionally, the ''Washington Post'' described her choreography as having intelligence, force, and imagination .

Jenkins work has been commissioned by numerous companies and universities in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Some of her recent works include the site-specific ''Danger Orange'' (2004), ''Running with the Land'' (2005), and ''A Slipping Glimpse'' (2006). ''Danger Orange'' reflects the shaky state of national security and was performed at San Francisco’s Justin Herman Plaza the month before the 2004 presidential elections took place ''Running with the Land'' was commissioned for the reopening of the de Young Museum in San Francisco, and was performed in the Barbro Osher Sculpture Garden on its grounds. ''A Slipping Glimpse'' was a collaboration between her company and several dancers from Tanusree Shankar Dance Company in Kolkata, India. In 2008, she was asked to create a piece for San Francisco Ballet's celebration of their seventy-fifth anniversary season. Currently, she is involved in a collaboration with the Guangdong Modern Dance Theater in China, which will premiere in 2009.

Accomplishments

Jenkins was on the first Board of Directors of Dance/USA and is currently on the board of Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. In 1980, she was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship (1980). Jenkins has also received three Isadora Duncan Dance Awards (“Izzies”). Additionally, she has been given the Irvine Fellowship in Dance and the Bernard Osher Cultural Award. In 2003, San Francisco mayor, Willie Brown, declared April 24 to be Margaret Jenkins Day.

References

External links

Margaret Jenkins Dance Company website

KQED (public broadcasting station in northern California) website

James Irvine Foundation Site

Category:Guggenheim Fellows Category:American choreographers Category:Dance in California Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

playername	Andy Carroll
fullname	Andrew Thomas Carroll
height
dateofbirth	January 06, 1989
cityofbirth	Gateshead, Tyne and Wear
countryofbirth	England
position	Striker
currentclub	Liverpool
clubnumber	9
youthyears1	2005–2006
youthclubs1	Newcastle United
years1	2006–2011
clubs1	Newcastle United
caps1	80
goals1	31
years2	2007–2008
clubs2	→ Preston North End (loan)
caps2	11
goals2	1
years3	2011–
clubs3	Liverpool
caps3	10
goals3	2
nationalyears1	2007–2008
nationalteam1	England U19
nationalcaps1	8
nationalgoals1	4
nationalyears2	2009–2010
nationalteam2	England U21
nationalcaps2	5
nationalgoals2	2
nationalyears3	2010–
nationalteam3	England
nationalcaps3	2
nationalgoals3	1
pcupdate	25 August 2011
ntupdate	30 March 2011 }}

Andrew Thomas "Andy" Carroll (born 6 January 1989 in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Liverpool and the England national team.

The fee of £35 million paid by Liverpool for Caroll's transfer from Newcastle United on 31 January 2011 is the highest ever amount for a British footballer. Carroll is the eighth-most expensive footballer in history and also the second-most expensive player playing for a British club, behind Fernando Torres, who moved from Liverpool to Chelsea for £50 million on the same day Carroll signed for Liverpool.

Club career

Newcastle United

Carroll, an occasional scorer in Newcastle United's reserve team, made his first-team debut on 2 November 2006 at the age of 17 years and 300 days in a 1-0 UEFA Cup win over Palermo, coming on as a late substitute for Nolberto Solano. In doing so, he became the youngest ever player to represent Newcastle in Europe.

He made his FA Cup debut on 17 January 2007, appearing as substitute for the last ten minutes in the 5–1 home defeat by Birmingham City. On 25 February 2007, Carroll made his Premier League debut for Newcastle, coming on as a substitute in the 87th minute in the 1–0 defeat by Wigan Athletic, almost scoring in the process; only a good save from Wigan goalkeeper John Filan prevented him from scoring his first Newcastle goal.

In 2007, he was the recipient of the "Wor Jackie Milburn Trophy", which is awarded every year to the rising star of North-East football, chosen from among Newcastle players.

On 29 July 2007, Carroll scored his first senior goal with a left foot shot in a 2–0 win over Juventus in a friendly match. After the game, Carroll received praise from Italian goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon, who tipped Carroll to have a big future.

On 14 August 2007, Carroll began a six-month loan with Preston North End, and made his debut for them in the League Cup against Morecambe on the same day. Carroll was sent off playing for Preston against Scunthorpe United on 18 September. He scored his first Championship goal, and his first English league goal, against Leicester City on 6 November.

Carroll made his first appearance for Newcastle in the 2008–09 season on 20 October, coming on as a substitute for Shola Ameobi at home to Manchester City. Carroll scored his first competitive goal for Newcastle on his first ever home start with a header against West Ham United in a 2–2 draw on 10 January 2009. He signed a new three-and-a-half-year contract, in theory keeping him at Newcastle until 2013.

Following Newcastle's relegation, and the departures of first team strikers, Michael Owen, Mark Viduka and Obafemi Martins, Carroll was paired with Shola Ameobi in attack for Newcastle at the start of the new season. His first league goal in the Championship came on 16 September 2009 against Blackpool with a header. By 2010 Carroll was playing almost every game, in a new strike partnership with Peter Løvenkrands. This partnership accounted for more than half of the club's goals in 2010. Carroll finished the season as Newcastle's top scorer, with 19 goals in all competitions, 17 in the league.

Carroll was given squad number 9 for the 2010–11 season, a number with great significance for Newcastle United supporters, as it has been worn in the past for Newcastle by the likes of Jackie Milburn, Malcolm Macdonald and Alan Shearer. Carroll scored his first career hat-trick against Aston Villa in the their 6–0 win in the Premier League on 22 August 2010. Carroll captained Newcastle for the first time on 3 October 2010 when he came on as a substitute for Kevin Nolan against Manchester City. In October 2010, Carroll signed a new five-year contract, on paper keeping him at the club until 2015. Carroll scored Newcastle's third in a 3–1 victory over Liverpool at St. James' Park on 11 December 2010, with a low 25-yard drive.

Liverpool

On 31 January 2011, Liverpool put in a bid of £30 million for Carroll, which was rejected. Newcastle then accepted a bid in excess of £35 million and, following a medical examination, the transfer was completed shortly before the deadline. Liverpool confirmed that Carroll would wear the number 9 jersey previously worn by Fernando Torres, who left Anfield for Chelsea on the same evening. The transfer made Carroll the eighth overall most expensive footballer and the most expensive British footballer of all time. However, due to an injury that was sustained while with Newcastle United, Carroll had to wait some time before his Liverpool debut. He finally made his debut, appearing as a substitute in the 3-1 win against Manchester United on 6 March 2011. On 10 March, he played his first European game for Liverpool away to Braga in the Europa League, appearing as a substitute after half-time. In the return leg a week later, he made his first Liverpool start as they went out of the competition losing 0-1 on aggregate. On 20 March, he made his first Premier League start for Liverpool at the Stadium of Light against Sunderland.

On 11 April, Carroll scored his first goals for Liverpool in a 3-0 victory against Manchester City at Anfield, scoring his first with a long-range strike and his second with a header. He scored Liverpool's 4th goal and assited the third in a 4-3 friendly win over Guangdong Sunray Cave on 13 July. On 24 August 2011 he scored with a 20 yard drive against Exeter to make the score 3-0 in the League Cup.

International career

England youth teams

On 11 September 2007, Carroll made his England under-19 debut against Belarus, scoring in the 4–0 victory. On 12 March 2009, Carroll, fresh from signing a new contract at Newcastle, was called up to the England U-20s for a match against Italy U-20s, but was withdrawn from the squad and replaced by Hal Robson-Kanu of Swindon Town.

Carroll received his first call up to the England U-21s on 5 August 2009. He made his debut on 11 August 2009 against Holland, coming on as a second half substitute. On his second cap with the under-21 team, on 9 October 2009 against Macedonia U-21s, he scored two goals and assisted another as England romped to a 6–3 win.

England senior team

Carroll's performances for Newcastle earned him a call up to the England squad for the friendly against France on 17 November 2010. Carroll passed a late fitness test to start the match. Carroll scored his first senior goal, a low left foot drive into the bottom corner, for England on 29 March 2011 in a friendly against Ghana which ended 1-1.

International goals

Wembley Stadium, London

Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
1.	29 March 2011	|		1-0	1-1	Friendly match>Friendly

Style of play

Carroll has been compared to Newcastle legend Alan Shearer, Chelsea striker Didier Drogba, and also to former Newcastle and Everton striker Duncan Ferguson due to his skill in the air. He is referred to as a classic No. 9 centre forward, owing to his strength, powerful shot and excellent heading ability. Former Newcastle United manager Kevin Keegan stated "he is probably in the top three headers of a ball I have ever seen in football".

After Newcastle's game at home to Blackpool, Blackpool manager Ian Holloway described Carroll as the best striker in the Premier League.

Personal life

Born in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England, Carroll attended Brighton Avenue Primary School and Joseph Swan School.

Carroll and his ex-girlfriend have a daughter, born 15 September 2009.

Discipline

Carroll has been involved in many off-the-pitch incidents in his career. On 14 September 2008, he was arrested by police in Newcastle, and later accepted a police caution. On 7 December 2009, he was arrested in the aftermath of a nightclub fight, again in Newcastle, accused of smashing glass in a man's face. He was charged with assault and in October 2010 he pleaded guilty to common assault and was fined £1,000. He was also ordered to pay £2,500 compensation.

He was also involved in an incident on the training ground which allegedly left teammate Steven Taylor with a broken jaw, though no charges were filed according to police. Carroll reportedly suffered a broken hand in the incident, and he was shortly photographed at a pop concert with bandages to both hands. Newcastle manager Chris Hughton and club representatives declined to comment any further on the incident.

On 18 October 2010, Carroll was charged with assault in an incident with his ex-girlfriend. Claiming self-defence, and having given a local hotel as his address, Carroll was granted bail on the condition that he resided with Newcastle captain Kevin Nolan until the case resumed in January. The charges were later dropped due to lack of evidence. Two days following his bail, Carroll's car was set on fire whilst parked on Nolan's driveway, with the club captain's garage door also being daubed with obscenities.

Whilst on international duty with England U-19s, Carroll and teammates Scott Sinclair and Ryan Bertrand were sent home from the squad after breaking a curfew on 14 October 2007 during preparation for a match against Romania U-19s.

Following England's 1-1 draw with Ghana on 29 March 2011, England manager Fabio Capello told Carroll to curtail his drinking habits. This was quickly refuted by Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish, who stated "Well he's never bought me a drink. I've been with him at Boyzone concerts and he's still never bought me a drink!"

Career statistics

Club

0 0 1 3 17 11 2 0

Club	Season	League	Cup	League Cup	!colspan="2"	Other	Total
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
rowspan="2"	Newcastle United		4	|	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	7	0
2007–08 Premier League	2007–08	4	|	2	0	0	0	–		0	0	6	0
Preston North End F.C.	Preston North End (loan)		11	|	0	0	1	0	–		0	0	12	1
rowspan="4"	Newcastle United		14	|	2	0	0	0	–		0	0	16	3
2009–10 Football League Championship	2009–10	39	|	3	2	0	0	–		0	0	42	19
2010–11 Premier League	2010–11	19	|	0	0	1	0	–		0	0	20	11
!Total	!81!!32!!8!!2!!2!!0!!2!!0!!0!!0!!93!!34
rowspan="3"	Liverpool		7	|	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	9	2
2011–12 Premier League	2011–12	3	|	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	4	1
!Total	!10!!2!!0!!0!!1!!1!!2!!0!!0!!0!!13!!3
Career total	!91!!34!!8!!2!!3!!1!!4!!0!!0!!0!!106!!37

International

''As of 31 August 2011.'' {|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align: center" |- ! National team !! Club !! Year !! Apps !! Goals |- |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:center;"|England | rowspan="1"|Newcastle United | 2010 || 1 || 0 |- | rowspan="1"|Liverpool | 2011 || 1 || 1 |- ! colspan="3" | Total !! 2 !! 1 |}

Honours

;Newcastle United

Football League Championship (1): 2009–10

Teresa Herrera Trophy: Winner: 2010

Individual

PFA Championship Team of the Year (1): 2009–10

Jackie Milburn Trophy – 2007

References

External links

Andy Carroll profile Newcastle United FC

9. Andy Carroll - Profile Liverpool FC

Profile on Andy Carroll LFCHistory.net

Player profile - Andrew Carroll FA Premier League

Category:1989 births Category:Living people Category:People from Gateshead Category:English footballers Category:England under-21 international footballers Category:England international footballers Category:Association football forwards Category:Liverpool F.C. players Category:Newcastle United F.C. players Category:Preston North End F.C. players Category:Premier League players Category:The Football League players

ar:أندري كارول bg:Андрю Керъл ca:Andy Carroll cs:Andy Carroll da:Andy Carroll de:Andy Carroll et:Andy Carroll es:Andy Carroll fr:Andrew Carroll ko:앤디 캐롤 hr:Andy Carroll id:Andy Carroll it:Andy Carroll he:אנדי קארול ka:ენდი ქეროლი lt:Andy Carroll hu:Andy Carroll mn:Энди Кэрролл nl:Andy Carroll ja:アンディ・キャロル no:Andy Carroll pl:Andy Carroll pt:Andy Carroll ru:Кэрролл, Энди fi:Andy Carroll sv:Andy Carroll th:แอนดี คาร์โรล tr:Andy Carroll uk:Енді Керрол vi:Andy Carroll zh:安德鲁·卡罗尔

name	Yi Jianlian易建联
width	190
height ft	7
height in	0
weight lb	250
position	Power forward/Center
birth date	October 27, 1987 (disputed)
birth place	Heshan, Guangdong
college	Guangdong University of Technology (2003–2007)
nationality	Chinese
draft round	1
draft pick	6
draft team	Milwaukee Bucks
draft year	2007
teams	Guangdong Southern Tigers (2002–2007) Milwaukee Bucks (2007–2008) New Jersey Nets (2008–2010) Washington Wizards (2010–2011)
career start	2002
highlights	4× CBA Champion (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007) 3× CBA Finals MVP (2004–2006) 4× CBA All-Star (2004–2007) }}

Yi Jianlian (, born October 27, 1987 [disputed]) is a Chinese professional basketball player who last played for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Yi played power forward for the Guangdong Southern Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) in 2002 and subsequently won the Rookie of the Year Award. In his five-year career with the Tigers, he won three CBA titles, as well as playing with the Chinese national basketball team in the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2006 FIBA World Championships. In the 2007 NBA Draft, he was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks as the sixth overall pick. Initially, Yi declined to sign with the Bucks for several months before agreeing to a contract with them on August 29, 2007.

There has been controversy over Yi's age, as several reports have testified that his officially listed birth date of October 27, 1987, was intentionally falsified so he would be able to play longer in junior competitions. Yi has refused to comment on his age.

Career in China

Yi was born to father Yi Jingliu and mother Mai Meiling, who were both professional handball players. As a child, his parents initially did not want him to join a sports school, which is designed for children who are predicted to be future stars. However, after a sports school basketball coach noticed Yi playing streetball, he persuaded Yi's family to allow Yi to train professionally.

Hoping to sign Yi to an endorsement deal, Adidas invited him to attend the company's ABCD camp in Teaneck, New Jersey in 2002, where he competed against All-American high school players. After returning to China later that year, he joined the senior team of the Guangdong Southern Tigers and averaged 3.5 points and 1.9 rebounds in his rookie season. He also averaged 7.3 points and 7.3 rebounds in four games in the CBA Finals and won the Rookie of the Year award. In 2003, Yi was featured in ''TIME'' magazine's August 24, 2003 article titled "The Next Yao Ming". In each of his next three seasons, Yi led Guangdong to the CBA championship, and he was awarded the Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) honor in 2006. In Yi's last season in the CBA, he averaged a career best 24.9 points and 11.5 rebounds per game, but the Tigers lost to the Bayi Rockets in the 2007 CBA finals. He also studied at the School of Economics and Management at Guangdong University of Technology.

NBA career

Entering the NBA

Yi was not expected to enter the NBA Draft until 2009 because the Chinese Basketball Association ruled that players would not be allowed to leave until they turned 22. In early 2006, however, Yi announced that he would enter the 2006 NBA Draft, although he eventually decided to withdraw, saying he was "not good enough to compete in the NBA and needed more experience". A year later, on November 1, 2006, the Tigers announced that Yi would enter the 2007 NBA Draft.

Yi chose NBA agent Dan Fegan to represent him in the NBA Draft and flew to Los Angeles to participate in pre-NBA Draft camps. Before the draft, Yi was predicted to be picked anywhere from third to twelfth. On June 28, 2007, Yi was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks with the sixth overall pick in the 2007 NBA Draft, despite Fegan warning the Bucks not to pick Yi and not allowing Milwaukee to be one of the teams invited to Yi's pre-draft private workouts in Los Angeles. He did not want Milwaukee to select Yi because they did not have a large Asian-American community. However, general manager Larry Harris said they had only drafted the best player available to them.

Footage of Yi posting up against a chair instead of another basketball player was shown during the Draft telecast, which earned him the nickname "The Chairman", coined by ESPN writer Bill Simmons.

After the draft, the Bucks attempted to convince Yi to sign with the team. On July 2, the owner of the Bucks franchise, Senator Herb Kohl, wrote a letter to Yi and his representatives, hoping to persuade Yi to sign with the Bucks. Three days later, Harris and head coach Larry Krystkowiak met Yi in Las Vegas, desiring to influence Yi to play for Milwaukee; however, Yi's representatives requested that the team trade Yi to another city with a large Chinese presence. Chinese officials also required that any team Yi played with would have to give him sufficient playing time for him to improve before the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Kohl made a special trip to Hong Kong to appeal to Yi personally. He also assured Chinese officials that Yi would have sufficient playing time, and on August 29, 2007, the Milwaukee Bucks and Yi agreed to a standard, multi-year rookie contract.

Rookie season

After being named to the Bucks' starting lineup by Krystkowiak in place of Charlie Villanueva to begin the 2007–08 NBA season, Yi had nine points and three rebounds in a loss to Orlando in his NBA debut. He played his first home game in Milwaukee three days later and scored 16 points while grabbing eight boards in a 78–72 win against the Chicago Bulls. The game was also Yi's first game to be televised nationally in China, where it was watched by 100 million viewers. Yao Ming praised Yi's play in his first games, saying, "If you compare us in our third NBA games, you will see that Yi's statistics are far better than mine".

On November 9, Yi played against Yao for the first time when the Houston Rockets hosted Milwaukee in the Toyota Center. Yi had 19 points and nine rebounds, including two three-pointers, but the Rockets topped the Bucks 104–88, with Yao scoring 28 points and grabbing 10 rebounds. The game was also watched by over 200 million people in China, making it one of the most-watched games in NBA history. After the game, Yao called Yi's talent "unbelievable", and Tracy McGrady said that Yi had "A tremendous upside in this league". Del Harris, the coach of the China's 2004 Olympics basketball team, also described Yi as "the most athletic 7-footer in the NBA".

Yi was named the Rookie of the Month for December after averaging 12.1 points and 6.6 rebound per game in that month, and scoring a career-high 29 points on 14-of-17 shooting in the game against the Bobcats on December 22, 2007. On January 30, he was selected for the rookie team in the Rookie Challenge at the 2008 NBA All-Star Game. On February 2, 2008, Yi faced Yao for the second time when the Bucks played the Rockets in Milwaukee, which Krystkowiak dubbed it the "Chinese Super Bowl". However, both players struggled during the Rockets' 91–83 victory. Yao had 12 points, and Yi injured his shoulder during the game, finishing the game with 6 points and scoring on one of his ten field goal attempts.

On April 2, it was announced that Yi would miss the rest of the season with a knee injury. Having already missed eight games with other injuries, Yi played in only 66 (out of a possible 82) games in his rookie season, averaging 8.6 points on 42% shooting and 5.2 rebounds per game. One of Milwaukee's assistant coaches, Brian James, later said that "the injuries he had bothered him more than people realized, and he couldn't play through them."

New Jersey Nets

On June 26, 2008, Yi was traded along with Bobby Simmons to the New Jersey Nets for Richard Jefferson. The Nets team president Rod Thorn said that "we feel strongly he's going to be a real good player", and the team's chief executive Brett Yormark said "it opens up a truly new fan base for us." Yi said he didn't expect to be traded, but that it was "an honor to join the Nets."

Through his first 37 games with New Jersey, Yi averaged 10.5 points and 6.2 rebounds a game, while shooting 39% from behind the three-point line, which was well above his average from the previous season. But on January 9, 2009, Yi broke the little finger on his right hand, and was expected to miss four to six weeks. Thorn called it "lousy timing" because "he'd been playing well", but Yi said "(I'll) just take my time. I'll come back." In voting for the 2009 All-Star Game, Yi finished third in total votes for Eastern Conference forwards, ahead of players such as Paul Pierce and Chris Bosh, which raised allegations of Chinese fans voting for Yi only because of his nationality.

Yi made his return from injury after the All-Star Game, in a loss to the Rockets on February 17. However, after averaging only 6 points on 36% shooting after his return, Yi was removed from the starting lineup. His final averages for the season were 8.6 points and 5.3 rebounds per game, as well as a 38% shooting percentage from the field, and 34% on three-point field goals. After the Nets finished the season outside of the 2009 playoffs, Yi's agent Fegan suggested the Nets played better when Yi played more minutes and took more shots, and said it "begs the question...who's accountable?" Head coach Lawrence Frank said that "you have to be patient. He's only 21," and Yi assessed his season by saying he was "still too much up and down".

In the , Yi returned to the starting lineup. Starting in every game he played but one, Yi had several injuries during the season, which made him miss 30 games. He sprained his right MCL on November 4 (missed 16 games), had a laceration on his upper lip on December 8 (missed 8 games), and sprained his left ankle on March 8 (missed 6 games). His final averages for the season were 12 points and 7.2 rebounds per game, as well as a 40% shooting percentage from the field, and 37% on three-point field goals.

Washington Wizards

On June 29, 2010, Yi was traded to the Washington Wizards along with $3 million in cash considerations for Quinton Ross.. The Wizards had until June 30, 2011 to extend the qualifying offer to Yi but did not. As a result, Yi is currently an unrestricted free agent.

International career

Yi's first major international experience came at the FIBA Under-19 World Championships, where he averaged 18.9 points and 11.5 rebounds per game. He debuted with the senior national team in the 2004 Olympic Games and averaged 6 points and 6 rebounds a game at the 2006 FIBA World Championships. His performance impressed coaches on the Chinese national team as well as the coaches from other countries.

In 2008, Yi was once again selected to play for the national team in the Beijing Olympic Games. In China's first two groups games, Yi scored only 9 and 4 points respectively, and China lost both their games against the USA and Spain. But in a win against Angola, he recorded a double-double, and in the Chinese's second win against Germany, Yi had 9 points and 11 rebounds, and hit the crucial shot with 28 seconds left, to help China advance to the quarterfinals. However, Lithuania ended China's run by beating them 94–68, as Yi scored 11 points.

Yi Jianlian, along with former NBA player Sun Yue, was a member of the Chinese National Team that played at the 2009 FIBA Asia Championship. The tournament was held from August 6 to August 16, 2009 in Tianjin, China.

Off the court

===Age discrepancy=== In 2004, Yi was listed as being born in 1984 in China's Four Nation Tournament, although Chinese officials said that it was probably a typographical error. Two years later, Fran Blinebury of ''The Houston Chronicle'' reported that Yi told Shane Battier he was 24 in an exhibition game before the 2006 FIBA World Championship, although the story was refuted by both Yi and Battier. Yi is not the first Chinese player to come under scrutiny, as former NBA player Wang Zhizhi has been listed as being born in both 1977 and 1979.

In 2006, a senior CBA official admitted that past youth squads had included players above the permitted age, and Yi's longtime American teammate in China, Jason Dixon, said to Chad Ford that Yi was "21 or 22...It's pretty common over [in China] to change ages". In 2007, a Chinese government registration site made public by hackers showed Yi's date of birth as being in 1984, and in December 2008, a Chinese reporter discovered school registration forms that listed Yi as being born in 1984.

Personal life

Yi is fluent in both Mandarin and his native tongue of Cantonese. Although his English has improved in the United States, Yi still conducts interviews through his interpreter, Walter Ho. He is currently under contract with Coca Cola and Yili (a Chinese dairy company) to endorse their products in China, and after a bidding war with Adidas, Nike signed Yi to a six-figure endorsement deal. He was ranked fourth on Forbes' Chinese celebrities list in income and popularity in 2007. In 2008, Yi donated 100,000 yuan to support the Sichuan earthquake victims, and also participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay by carrying the torch during the Hainan leg of the relay.

Career statistics

CBA

!Regular season	!Team	!GP	!RPG	!APG	!FG%	!FT%	!PPG
	Guangdong	36	3.3	0.2	.58	.60	5.0
	Guangdong	28	5.9	0.5	.517	.741	9.7
	Guangdong	53	10.2	1.4	.568	.717	16.8
	Guangdong	52	9.7	1.2	.574	.754	20.5
	Guangdong	39	11.5	1.1	.585	.816	24.9
Career totals		172	9.6	1.1	.570	.783	18.6

NBA

Regular season

|- | align="left" | 2007–08 | align="left" | Milwaukee | 66 || 49 || 25.0 || .421 || .286 || .841 || 5.2 || .8 || .6 || .9 || 8.6 |- | align="left" | 2008–09 | align="left" | New Jersey | 61 || 52 || 23.3 || .382 || .343 || .772 || 5.3 || 1.0 || .5 || .6 || 8.6 |- | align="left" | 2009–10 | align="left" | New Jersey | 52 || 51 || 31.8 || .403 || .366 || .798 || 7.2 || .9 || .7 || 1.0 || 12.0 |- | align="left" | 2010–11 | align="left" | Washington | 63 || 11 || 17.7 || .418 || .231 || .681 || 3.9 || .4 || .4 || .5 || 5.6 |- | align="left" | Career | align="left" | | 242 || 163 || 24.1 || .405 || .335 || .784 || 5.3 || .8 || .5 || .7 || 8.5

Notes

External links

Time magazine (August 24, 2003)

Yi Jianlian Chinese fans site 建联网 | 易建联

Yi's World on Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 易世界

Category:1987 births Category:Living people Category:Basketball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Basketball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Cantonese people Category:Chinese basketball players Category:Chinese expatriate basketball people in the United States Category:Guangdong Southern Tigers players Category:Milwaukee Bucks draft picks Category:Milwaukee Bucks players Category:New Jersey Nets players Category:Olympic basketball players of China Category:People from Heshan Category:Power forwards (basketball) Category:Washington Wizards players

de:Yi Jianlian es:Yi Jianlian fr:Yi Jianlian hr:Yi Jianlian id:Yi Jianlian it:Yi Jianlian he:אי ג'יאנליאן lv:Ji Dzjaņliaņs lt:Yi Jianlian ja:易建聯 no:Yi Jianlian pl:Yi Jianlian simple:Yi Jianlian fi:Yi Jianlian zh:易建聯

Charles Graham "Charlie" Adam (born 10 December 1985) is a Scottish international footballer who plays for Liverpool. He plays primarily as a central midfielder.

Before having a youth career at Rangers, Adam was part of the Dundee youth set up between 1999–2003. A product of the Rangers youth system, Adam spent much of his early senior career on loan to other clubs. While on loan to St. Mirren during season 2005–06, Adam was part of the team that won both the Scottish Challenge Cup and First Division, playing in over thirty matches for ''the Saints''. Upon returning to Rangers at the end of the 2006 season, he became a regular under managers Paul Le Guen and Walter Smith. Adam was also part of the Rangers team that reached the 2008 UEFA Cup Final.

After falling out of favour at Rangers during season 2008–09, Adam was loaned out to English Championship side Blackpool. The loan was made permanent at the start of the 2009–10 season, and Adam became an integral part of the Blackpool side, captaining the team to a play off victory over Cardiff City which resulted in their promotion to the Premier League. Adam shone in his first season in the English Premier League, his performances being recognised with a nomination for the PFA Players' Player of the Year in April 2011. As a result, he transferred to Liverpool in July 2011.

He has played at B and full international levels for Scotland.

Background

Adam is the son of former professional player Charles Adam, a midfielder who played for various Scottish clubs in the 1980s and 1990s. Adam's brother, Grant, is a goalkeeper and plays for Rangers' under-19s team.Adam confirmed via his personal Twitter that he favours '26' as a squad number because it is his child's date of birth.

Club career

Rangers

Early career at Rangers

Dundee-born Adam joined Rangers on 23 January 2003. He made his debut appearance on 14 April 2004 against Livingston and played sporadically thereafter but did not become a first-team regular until the management of Paul Le Guen.

He made an appearance at the start of the 2004–05 season, and then joined First Division club Ross County on loan for the rest of that campaign. Whilst in Dingwall, Adam made fifteen appearances, scoring twice, against Raith Rovers and St. Mirren. He also played in the 2004 Scottish Challenge Cup Final against Falkirk. County were ahead courtesy of David Winters 56th minute goal. Adam was substituted in the 60th minute as was team mate Sean Higgins six minutes later. Neil Scally and Darryl Duffy then scored in 70 and 75 minutes respectfully for Falkirk to come back to lift the trophy/

Loan to St Mirren

Adam then joined First Division side St. Mirren on loan for the 2005/06 season. During his spell in Paisley, he again appeared in the 2005 Scottish Challenge Cup Final, however this time he was on the winning side as St. Mirren defeated Hamilton Academical 2–1. He was also part of the team that won the First Division title in May 2006. In total he made thirty-seven appearances and scored nine goals for ''the Buddies''.

Rangers first team

After playing for Rangers during a July 2006 pre-season trip to South Africa, including scoring a hat-trick against a Jomo Select side, Adam began the 2006–07 season with the club, and he started in their first league match against Motherwell. He continued to be a regular for Rangers as the season progressed, and scored his first goal for the club in a 3–2 UEFA Cup win over Livorno on 19 October. This was one of fourteen goals Adam scored that season, including strikes against Israeli sides Hapoel Tel Aviv and Maccabi Haifa, as well as a goal in an end-of-season Old Firm match from a free-kick. On 16 April 2007, at the end of his first season in the first team, Adam was voted by Rangers fans as the club's Young Player of the Year at an award ceremony.

On 28 June 2007, it was announced that Adam had signed a new five-year contract with Rangers. Adam had scored his first UEFA Champions League goal on 19 September against VfB Stuttgart, and his second in the return fixture. Adam played against Panathinaikos and Werder Bremen in Rangers run to the 2008 UEFA Cup Final where he was an unused substitute. Rangers lost 2-0 to Zenit St Petersburg.

Loan to Blackpool

On 2 February 2009, Adam signed on loan with English Championship club Blackpool until the end of the 2008–09 season. Five days later, he was sent off on his debut for the Seasiders during a 3–2 defeat by Doncaster Rovers at Bloomfield Road.

On 25 February, after serving a three-match suspension, Adam scored twice, including a goal from just inside the halfway line, for the club's reserve team as they beat Accrington Stanley 4–2. Adam scored his first Football League goal for Tony Parkes's men in a 2–0 victory over Norwich City at Bloomfield Road on 7 March. Two days later he was named in the Football League's "Championship Team of the Week". His second goal for Blackpool came on 11 April in their 1–0 West Lancashire derby win over Preston North End at Deepdale. Blackpool's then-caretaker manager Tony Parkes publicly admitted he was keen to sign Adam permanently. He said, "I have spoken to our club secretary and we will be in touch with Rangers to see if we can do a deal for Charlie". At the end of the season, after two goals in 13 appearances, he returned to Rangers.

On 6 July 2009, Rangers confirmed that they had accepted a bid of £500,000 from Blackpool and that he was set to sign for ''the Seasiders'' the following day, subject to personal terms being agreed. The following day, Blackpool manager Ian Holloway confirmed a deal had been agreed with the Ibrox club, but stressed that talks with Adam would take place on 9 July, once Adam had spoken with Rangers manager Walter Smith. Four weeks later on 2 August, with Adam still a Rangers player and having been on their pre-season trip to Germany, Smith confirmed that the player was in talks with Blackpool, saying, "Adam is talking to Blackpool at the moment. The clubs have agreed a fee and it will be up to Charlie and his representative." The following day, the ''Daily Mail'' reported that Adam had signed for Blackpool on a three-year contract with an option for a further 12 months.

Blackpool

In August 2009 Adam signed a two-year contract with Blackpool with the option of a further year, in a club-record transfer fee of £500,000. His competitive debut as a permanent Blackpool player was in a 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road later that month. His first goal came on 26 August in a 4–1 home win over Wigan Athletic in the League Cup.

In January 2010 he was named in the Press Association's Championship "Team of the Week", along with team-mate Neal Eardley following his performance two days before in the 3–2 home victory over Watford. That same month Adam won the Championship Player of the Month award and was voted the PFA Championship Fans’ Player of the Month for January 2010. In March, Adam scored in his 50th league appearance for Blackpool, a 2–0 win at Plymouth Argyle. Just under a month later, Adam was named in the PFA "Championship Team of the Year".

Blackpool qualified for that season's play-offs. Adam scored a match-winning penalty against Nottingham Forest in the semi-final first leg, and Blackpool won the tie on aggregate. In the play-off final Adam scored a free-kick as Blackpool beat Cardiff City 3–2 at Wembley Stadium and gained promotion to the Premier League.

In the fourth week of the 2010–11 Premier League season, Adam was named in the official Team of the Week. He was named again in week seven, alongside teammate Luke Varney. In early December, a tribunal ruled in favour of Adam in a dispute over unpaid bonuses from the previous season. They found that Blackpool were required to pay the player £25,000 for successfully avoiding relegation to League 1. The club had argued that the promotion bonus (which had been stipulated in Adam's contract) superseded the 'survival bonus.' The panel upheld Adam's complaint, but did not agree with his second argument that the failure to pay the amount constituted a breach of contract on the club's part. As a result, both parties were responsible for their own legal fees - leaving Adam with a very small net gain from the venture.

In January 2011 Blackpool rejected a £4.5 million bid to buy Adam from Liverpool, an amount described by manager Ian Holloway as "disgraceful". Blackpool then rejected a transfer request that Adam had made to the club. He was one of seven nominees for the 2010–11 PFA Players' Player of the Year. However, Adam and his Blackpool team mates were relegated at the season's end.

In May 2011, Blackpool activated an option to increase Adam's contract by a further twelve months.

Liverpool

In July 2011 Liverpool signed Adam from Blackpool for a fee of £7 million. He played the second half of Liverpool's friendly against Guangdong Sunray Cave in a 4–3 win on 13 July. He scored his first goal for the club via the penalty spot in the 6–3 win vs Malaysia XI. On 13 August 2011, Adam made his debut in Liverpool's first game of the 2011–12 Premier League, a 1-1 draw against Sunderland. There, he assisted the opening goal from Luis Suárez from a free kick outside the area. On 27 August 2011, Adam scored his first Premier League goal for Liverpool in a match against Bolton Wanderers which Liverpool went on to win 3-1. Liverpool won by 3 goals to 1.

Club career statistics

|- |2003–04||rowspan="2"|Rangers||rowspan="2"|Scottish Premier League ||2||0||colspan="6"|-||2||0 |- |2004–05||1||0||colspan="6"|-||1||0 |- |2004–05||Ross County (loan)||First Division ||11||2||colspan="6"|-||15||2 |- |2005–06||Rangers||Scottish Premier League ||1||0||colspan="6"|-||1||0 |- |2005–06||St Mirren (loan)||First Division ||29||5||4||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||37||9 |- |2006–07||rowspan="3"|Rangers||rowspan="3"|Scottish Premier League ||32||11||1||0||2||0||7||3||42||14 |- |2007–08||16||2||3||0||2||0||11||2||32||4 |- |2008–09||9||0||colspan="6"|-||9||0 |- |- |2008–09||Blackpool (loan)||rowspan="2"|Championship ||13||2||colspan="6"|-||13||2 |- |2009–10||rowspan="2"|Blackpool||43||16||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||46||19² |- |2010–11||rowspan="2"|Premier League||35||12||colspan="2"|-||1||1||colspan="2"|-||36||13 |- |2011–12||Liverpool||3||1||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||4||1 |- 101||20||8||3||5||0||18||5||139||29 94||31||1||0||4||2||0||0||99||35 195||51||9||3||9||2||18||5||238||64

;Notes: 1 Scottish League Challenge Cup results included in totals ² Included in 2009–10 stats: 3 Football League play-off appearances, 2 goals

International career

Adam was called up by national manager Alex McLeish to the Scotland squad for the first time on 11 May 2007 for a friendly against Austria and a Euro 2008 qualifying Group B match against the Faroe Islands. He made his debut at the Gerhard Hanappi Stadium in Vienna on 30 May as a 67th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 victory. He then made his competitive debut as a 77th-minute substitute in a 2–0 win over the Faroe Islands at the Svangaskarð stadium in Toftir on 6 June.

Adam was recalled to the Scotland squad by manager George Burley for a friendly against Japan on 10 October 2009 at the Nissan Stadium, Yokohama, Japan. Scotland lost the game 0–2, with Adam earning his third cap, and in doing so became the first Blackpool player to represent Scotland since Tony Green in 1971.

On 10 November 2009, Adam was drafted into the Scotland squad for the friendly against Wales four days later. He replaced his former Rangers teammate Kevin Thomson, who pulled out due to illness. George Burley said of Adam: "He scored a cracking goal for Blackpool last weekend. He is a very good replacement. He has been playing consistently, is a quality player, and is getting a real benefit from playing regularly."

International goals

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%" align="center" width:"100%" !colspan=7|Charlie Adam's International Goals |- | Goal || Date || Venue || Opponent || Score || Result || Competition |- | 1 || 10 August 2011||Hampden Park, Glasgow || || 1–0 || 2–1 || Friendly match |}

Honours

Club

St. Mirren

Scottish First Division (1): 2005–06

Scottish Challenge Cup (1): 2005

Blackpool

Championship play-off (1): 2009–10

Individual

Championship PFA Team of the Year (1): 2009–10

Championship Player of the Month (1): January 2010

References

External links

Charlie Adam's profile at Liverpool F.C.'s official website

Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:People from Dundee Category:Scottish footballers Category:Scotland international footballers Category:Scotland B international footballers Category:Scotland under-21 international footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:Rangers F.C. players Category:Ross County F.C. players Category:St. Mirren F.C. players Category:Blackpool F.C. players Category:Scottish Football League players Category:Scottish Premier League players Category:The Football League players Category:Premier League players Category:Liverpool F.C. players

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